What is already known on this topic?
Among cereals that largely contribute to carbohydrate intake, higher consumption of whole grains has been associated with lower risk of total mortality and cardiovascular disease
However, no clear associations have been observed between refined grains and these outcomes
What this study adds ?
The Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study includes participants from low, middle, and high income countries, covering broad patterns of diet globally
A higher intake of refined grains was associated with a higher risk of total mortality and major cardiovascular disease
No associations with the outcomes were found for whole grains or white rice
https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.m4948
